Nkọwa dị mkpirikpi:

Elderberry bụ ụdị osisi dị n'etiti 5 na 30 ụdị osisi ma ọ bụ obere osisi, nke a na-etinye na mbụ na ezinụlọ honeysuckle, Caprifoliaceae, ma ugbu a gosipụtara site na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ka ekewasị ya nke ọma na ezinụlọ moschatel, Adoxaceae. Ụdị ọdịdị ahụ bụ obodo na mpaghara ihu igwe na-adị n'okpuru ala nke ma Northern Hemisphere na Southern Hemisphere. Elderberry wepụ sitere na mkpụrụ nke Sambucus nigra ma ọ bụ Black Elder. Dị ka akụkụ nke ogologo ọdịnala nke ọgwụgwọ ahịhịa na ọgwụ ọdịnala, a na-akpọ osisi okenye ojii “igbe ọgwụ nke ndị nkịtị” na ifuru ya, beri, akwụkwọ ya, ogbugbo, na ọbụna mgbọrọgwụ ya ka ejirila mee ihe maka ọgwụgwọ ha. Njirimara ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ. Sambucus Elderberry wepụ nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị mkpa maka ahụ ike, dị ka vitamin A, B na C, flavonoids, tannins, carotenoids, na amino acids. Ugbu a Black Elderberry wepụ bụ ọtụtụ ebe a na-eji na dietary emeju maka anti-oxidant mmetụta.