RutinUsoro kemịkalụ bụ (C27H30O16•3H2O), vitamin, nwere mmetụta nke ibelata ikike na ike ọgwụgwụ nke capillary, na-edobe ma weghachite ike nkịtị nke capillaries. Maka mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke ọbara mgbali elu nke ụbụrụ; A na-ejikwa ọbara ọgbụgba retinal retinal na hemorrhagic purpura dị ka ihe na-egbochi ọrịa shuga na agba nri.

E kewara ya n'ime ihe anọ ndị a:

1. Rutin NF11: ntụ ntụ odo-akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ma ọ bụ kristal acicular dị ezigbo mma; Enweghị isi, enweghị ụtọ; Agba na-agba ọchịchịrị n'ikuku; Ọ na-ekpo ọkụ ruo 185-192 ℃, ọ na-aghọ ahụ gelatin na-acha aja aja ma na-agbaze na ihe dị ka 215 ℃. Ọ na-agbaze ntakịrị na ethanol esi, ọ na-agbaze ntakịrị na mmiri esi, ọ na-agbaze ntakịrị na mmiri oyi, ọ na-agbaze ngwa ngwa na isopropyl alcohol na methanol, ọ naghị agbaze na trichloromethane, ether na benzene; Ọ na-agbaze na ngwọta alkali hydroxide. Usoro njirimara bụ A: hydrochloric acid reflux hydrolysis na quercetin, nke ebe agbaze ya bụ 312 ℃B: mmiri ozuzo oxide uhie. C: Ịtinye ngwọta sodium hydroxide bụ oroma odo odo D: ngwọta ethanol na ngwọta ferric chloride bụ aja aja akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ E: ngwọta ethanol na hydrochloric acid na magnesium na-agbagharị nwayọọ nwayọọ ọdịnaya uhie: ≥95.0% (UV) (site na ngwaahịa akọrọ)

Mbelata ibu akọrọ:5.5% ~ 9.0%

Ihe fọdụrụ na-ere ọkụ ≤0.5%

Chlorophyll ≤0.004%

Agba ọbara ọbara ≤0.004%

Ihe metụtara ya bụ quercetin ≤5.0% (UV)

Ọnụọgụ nje bacteria aerobic ≤103cfu/g

Ọnụọgụ ebu na yist ≤102cfu/g

A gaghị achọpụta Escherichia coli /g

Ọnọdụ nchekwa Debe n'ime akpa ikuku na-anaghị abanye n'ebe ìhè na-anaghị aga.

2. Rutoside Trihydrate EP 9.0: Ntụ ntụ odo ma ọ bụ odo-akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịgbaze na mmiri, ọ na-agbaze na methanol, ọ na-agbaze ntakịrị na ethanol (96%), ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịgbaze na methylene chloride. Ọ na-agbaze na ngwọta hydroxide. Usoro njirimara bụ dị ka ndị a:A: Ntinye kachasị na 257nm na 358nm, yana ọnụọgụ nnabata kachasị na 358nm bụ 305 ~ 330. B: Usoro ntinye infrared kwesịrị ịdị ka nke ngwaahịa ntụaka C: Ntụ ntụ nke otu agba na nha ga-apụta n'ọnọdụ kwekọrọ na chromatogram nke ngwaahịa ntụaka D: ngwọta ethanol nwere hydrochloric acid na zinc ga-egosi ọbara ọbara

Ọdịnaya 95.0% ~ 101.0% (site na ngwaahịa akọrọ) (titration)

Mmiri 7.5% ~ 9.5% (Cartesian)

Ihe fọdụrụ na-ere ọkụ ≤0.1%

Oke uru kachasị nke ihe ruru unyi anya na-amịkọrọ ìhè na 450nm ruo 800nm ​​agaghị agafe 0.10

Ihe na-anaghị agbaze na methanol ≤3.0%

Ihe ndị metụtara ya bụ isoquercetin ≤2.0%, kaempferol-3-rutin ≤2.0%, quercetin ≤2.0%, adịghị ọcha zuru oke ≤4.0% (HPLC)

Ọnụọgụ nje bacteria aerobic ≤104cfu/g

Ọnụọgụ ebu na yist ≤102cfu/g

Bakteria na-adịghị mma nke bile gram ≤102cfu/g

A gaghị achọpụta Escherichia coli /g

A naghị achọpụta Salmonella /25g

Ọnọdụ nchekwa na-eme ka ìhè ghara iru ebe ọ bụla

3. Rutin USP43: Usoro njirimara bụ A: oke nnabata kachasị na 257nm na 358nm, oke nnabata kachasị na 358nm bụ 305 ~ 33. B: Oke nnabata infrared kwesịrị ịdị ka chromatogram nke ngwaahịa ntụaka. C: Oge nchekwa nke oke chromatogram kwesịrị ịdị ka nke ngwaahịa ntụaka

Ọdịnaya 95.0% ~ 101.0% (site na ngwaahịa akọrọ) (titration)

Mmiri 7.5% ~ 9.5% (Cartesian)

Ihe fọdụrụ na-ere ọkụ ≤0.1%

Oke uru kachasị nke ihe ruru unyi anya na-amịkọrọ ìhè na 450nm ruo 800nm ​​agaghị agafe 0.10

Ihe na-anaghị agbaze na methanol ≤3.0%

Ihe ndị metụtara ya bụ isoquercetin ≤2.0%, kaempferol-3-rutin ≤2.0%, quercetin ≤2.0%, ihe ndị ọzọ dị iche iche ≤1.0%, ihe na-adịghị ọcha zuru oke ≤4.0% (HPLC)

Ọnụọgụ nje bacteria aerobic ≤104cfu/g

Ọnụọgụ ebu na yist ≤103cfu/g

A gaghị achọpụta Escherichia coli /10g

A gaghị achọpụta Salmonella /10g

A kpọchiri akpọchi ma debe ya ka ọ ghara iru ìhè.

4. Ụkpụrụ ọrụ WS1-49(B)-89 nke Rutinum: ntụ ntụ odo odo ma ọ bụ odo-akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ma ọ bụ kristal acicular dị ezigbo mma; Enweghị isi, enweghị ụtọ; Agba na-agba ọchịchịrị n'ikuku; A na-ekpo ọkụ ruo 185 ~ 192℃ iji ghọọ jel aja aja. A na-agbaze ntakịrị na ethanol esi, a na-agbaze ntakịrị na mmiri esi, a na-agbaze ntakịrị na mmiri oyi, a naghị agbaze na trichloromethane na ether; A na-agbaze na ngwọta alkali hydroxide. Usoro njirimara bụ: A: oxide uhie cuprous. B: Usoro nnabata infrared kwesịrị ịdị ka nke ihe njikwa. C: A na-ahụ nnabata kachasị na ogologo ebili mmiri nke 259±1nm na 362.5±1nm.

Ọdịnaya ≥93.0%(UV)(site na ngwaahịa akọrọ)

Mbelata ibu akọrọ 5.5% ~ 9.0%

Ihe fọdụrụ na-ere ọkụ ≤0.3%

Ihe na-agbaze na methanol ≤2.5% (ihe na-agbaze na ethanol)

Ihe metụtara ya bụ quercetin ≤4.0% (Oyi akwa dị gịrịgịrị)

Ọnụọgụ nje bacteria aerobic ≤103cfu/g

Ọnụọgụ ebu na yist ≤102cfu/g

A gaghị achọpụta Escherichia coli /g

A gaghị achọpụta Salmonella /g

A kpọchiri akpọchi ma debe ya ka ọ ghara iru ìhè.

Mmetụta ọgwụ:

Ọgwụ mgbochi radikal

A na-ebelata molekul oxygen n'ụdị elektrọn otu na metabolism sel, ion O nke mbelata nke molekul oxygen n'ụdị elektrọn otu ga-emepụta H2O2 na radicals free ·OH dị oke njọ n'ahụ, si otú a na-emetụta ịdị ire ụtọ nke akpụkpọ ahụ ma ọbụna mee ka akpụkpọ ahụ ka nká ngwa ngwa. Ọzọkwa, itinye rutin na ngwaahịa ahụ nwere ike iwepụ ụdị oxygen reactive nke sel na-emepụta. Rutin bụ ngwakọta flavonoid, nke bụ antioxidant siri ike maka iwepụ radicals free. Ọ nwere ike ịkwụsị mmeghachi omume nke radicals free, gbochie peroxidation nke polyunsaturated fatty acids na biofilms, wepụ ngwaahịa lipid peroxidation, chebe iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke biofilms na nhazi subcellular, ma rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ahụ. [2]

Mgbochi peroxidation

Ọgwụ peroxidation lipid na-ezo aka n'usoro usoro oxidation nke ụdị oxygen reactive na-awakpo polyunsaturated fatty acids na biofilms kpatara. Zhu Jianlin na ndị otu ya chọpụtara ma nyochaa ọrụ SOD na oke, ọdịnaya nke ngwaahịa free-radical lipid peroxidation MDA, na ọdịnaya nke Lipofuscin na nnukwu imeju, ma chọpụta na rutin nwere mmetụta mgbochi na lipid peroxidation na oke castrated, ma nwee ike igbochi mbelata nke ikike antioxidant nke sistemụ antioxidant na oke mgbe castrated gasịrị. Rutin nwere ike iguzogide mbelata nke ikike antioxidant nke sitere na mbelata nke estrogen endogenous ma nwee mmetụta antioxidant. High density lipoprotein (HDL) nwere mmetụta anti-atherosclerotic. Agbanyeghị, HDL, dị ka obere density lipoprotein (LDL) na very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), nwekwara ike oxidize ma gbanwee na vitro. Ozugbo e tinyere HDL na oxidation ka ọ bụrụ Ox-HDL, ọ nwere mmetụta nke atherosclerosis. Meng Fang et al. nyochachara mmetụta nke rutin na mgbanwe oxidative HDL site na mgbanwe oxidative nke Cu2+ na vitro. Mmechi Rutin nwere ike igbochi mgbanwe oxidative nke HDL nke ukwuu. [2]

Mmetụta mgbochi nke ihe na-eme ka platelet rụọ ọrụ

Ọrịa obi na akwara ụbụrụ, dịka thrombosis, atherosclerosis, mmeghachi omume mkpali na mmerụ ahụ na-enweghị ischemia-reperfusion, nwere njikọ chiri anya na mgbasa ozi nke plateletactivatingfactor (PAF). Ya mere, igbochi mmetụta nke PAF bụ ụzọ dị mkpa iji belata ọrịa obi na akwara ụbụrụ nke ischemic. Nnwale gosiri na rutin nwere ike igbochi njikọ kpọmkwem nke PAF na ndị na-anabata platelet membrane nke oke bekee dabere na mkpokọta, gbochie njikọta platelet nke PAf na oke bekee na mmụba nke mkpokọta Ca2+ efu na PMNs, na-atụ aro na usoro nke ihe mgbochi PAF nke rutin bụ igbochi ọrụ nke onye na-anabata PAF, wee gbochie mmeghachi omume nke PAF kpatara, ka o wee rụọ ọrụ na nchedo obi. Nsonaazụ gosiri na rutin bụ onye na-emegide onye na-anabata PAF. [2]

Ọgwụgwọ pancreatitis dị irè

Rutin nwere ike igbochi hypocalcemia nke ọma ma belata mkpokọta Ca2+ na anụ ahụ pancreas. A chọpụtara na rutin nwere ike ịbawanye ọdịnaya nke phospholipase A2 (PLA2) na anụ ahụ pancreas nke oke, na-egosi na rutin nwere ike igbochi ntọhapụ na ịmalite PLA2 na anụ ahụ pancreas. Rutin nwere ike igbochi hypocalcemia nke ọma na oke AP, ikekwe site na igbochi Ca2+ na-abanye na ya ma belata oke Ca2+ na mkpụrụ ndụ anụ ahụ pancreas, si otú a belata mmebi pathophysiological na AP. [2]

Nọmba ekwentị: https://mp.weixin.qq.com

https://xueshu.baidu.com/usercenter/paper

Maka rutin, biko kpọtụrụ anyị. Anyị na-eche gị ebe a oge ọ bụla.