Dr. Eduardo Blumwald (n'aka nri) na Akhilesh Yadav, Ph.D., na ndị ọzọ so n'òtù ha na Mahadum California, Davis, gbanwere osikapa iji gbaa nje bacteria ume ka ọ na-emepụta nitrogen ndị osisi nwere ike iji. [Trina Kleist/UC Davis]
Ndị na-eme nchọpụta jiri CRISPR rụpụta osikapa iji gbaa nje bacteria dị n'ala ume ka ha dozie nitrogen dị mkpa maka uto ha. Nchoputa a nwere ike ibelata oke fatịlaịza nitrogen dị mkpa iji kọọ ihe ọkụkụ, na-azọpụta ndị ọrụ ugbo America ijeri dollar kwa afọ ma na-erite uru na gburugburu ebe obibi site na ibelata mmetọ nitrogen.
"Osisi bụ ụlọ ọrụ kemịkal dị egwu," ka Dr. Eduardo Blumwald, onye prọfesọ a ma ama nke sayensị ihe ọkụkụ na Mahadum California, Davis, bụ onye duziri ọmụmụ ihe ahụ kwuru. Ndị otu ya jiri CRISPR kwalite mmebi nke apigenin na osikapa. Ha chọpụtara na apigenin na ogige ndị ọzọ na-eme ka nitrogen na-edozi nje bacteria.
E bipụtara ọrụ ha n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Plant Biotechnology ("Genetic modification of rice flavonoid biosynthesis enhances biofilm formation and biological nitrogen fixation by ala nitrogen-fixing bacteria").
Nitrogen dị mkpa maka uto osisi, mana osisi enweghị ike ịgbanwe nitrogen site na ikuku ka ọ bụrụ ụdị ha nwere ike iji. Kama nke ahụ, ihe ọkụkụ na-adabere na ịmịnye nitrogen inorganic, dị ka amonia, nke nje bacteria na-emepụta na ala. A na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ na-adabere n'iji fatịlaịza nwere nitrogen na-amụba mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ.
"Ọ bụrụ na osisi nwere ike ịmepụta kemịkalụ nke na-ekwe ka nje bacteria na-edozi nitrogen ikuku, anyị nwere ike ịmepụta ihe ọkụkụ iji mepụta ọtụtụ kemịkalụ ndị a," ka o kwuru. "Kemịkalụ ndị a na-akwado nje bacteria na ala iji dozie nitrogen na ihe ọkụkụ na-eji ammonium na-esi na ya pụta, si otú ahụ belata mkpa nke fatịlaịza kemịkal."
Ndị otu Broomwald jiri nyocha kemịkalụ na genomics chọpụta ogige dị n'osisi osikapa - apigenin na flavonoids ndị ọzọ - na-eme ka ọrụ nhazi nitrogen na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.
Ha chọpụtaziri ụzọ maka imepụta kemịkalụ wee jiri teknụzụ na-edezi mkpụrụ ndụ CRISPR mee ka mmepụta nke ogige ndị na-akpali imepụta biofilm. Biofilms ndị a nwere nje bacteria na-eme ka mgbanwe nitrogen dịkwuo elu. N'ihi ya, ọrụ nhazi nitrogen nke nje bacteria na-abawanye na ọnụ ọgụgụ ammonium dị na osisi ahụ na-abawanye.
"Osisi osikapa ka mma gosipụtara mkpụrụ ọka na-abawanye ụba mgbe a na-etolite n'okpuru ala nke nwere oke nitrogen," ndị nchọpụta ahụ dere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ. "Nsonaazụ anyị na-akwado ịmegharị ụzọ flavonoid biosynthesis dị ka ụzọ isi mee ka nitrogen dị ndụ dị na ọka ma belata ọdịnaya nitrogen inorganic. Eji fatịlaịza. Ezi atụmatụ.”
Osisi ndị ọzọ nwekwara ike iji ụzọ a. Mahadum California etinyela akwụkwọ maka patent na teknụzụ ma na-eche ya ugbu a. Ọ bụ Will W. Lester Foundation kwadoro nyocha a. Na mgbakwunye, Bayer CropScience na-akwado nyocha ọzọ na isiokwu a.
"Fatịlaịza nitrogen dị oke ọnụ, dị oke ọnụ," Blumwald kwuru. "Ihe ọ bụla nwere ike iwepụ ụgwọ ndị ahụ dị mkpa. N’aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụ ajụjụ gbasara ego, mana nitrogen na-enwekwa mmetụta na-emerụ ahụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.”
Ọtụtụ n'ime fatịlaịza etinyere na-efunahụ, na-abanye n'ime ala na mmiri ala. Nchọpụta Blumwald nwere ike inye aka chebe gburugburu ebe obibi site na ibelata mmetọ nitrogen. "Nke a nwere ike inye usoro ọrụ ugbo ọzọ ga-adigide nke ga-ebelata iji fatịlaịza nitrogen gabiga ókè," ka o kwuru.